本文來源：新華社
記者：于佳欣
北京5月4日電
5月3日至4日，中共中央政治局委員、國務院副總理劉鶴與美國總統特使、財政部長姆努欽率領的美方代表團，就共同關心的中美經貿問題進行了坦誠、高效、富有建設性的討論。
雙方均認為，發展健康穩定的中美經貿關係對兩國十分重要，致力於通過對話磋商，解決有關經貿問題。
雙方就擴大美對華出口、雙邊服務貿易、雙向投資、保護知識產權、解決關稅和非關稅措施等問題，充分交換了意見，在有些領域達成了一些共識。
雙方認識到，在一些問題上還存在較大分歧，需要繼續加緊工作，取得更多進展。
雙方同意繼續就有關問題保持密切溝通，並建立相應工作機制。
此前美媒《華爾街日報》披露一份文件，指為美國貿易代表團對中國的要求。
這份文件引起大陸網民的反彈。
文件顯示，
1.美貿易代表團要求中國在2020年前將中美貿易順差縮窄2,000億美元；
2.要求停止對中國製造2025計劃中涉及的行業進行補貼；
3.要求中國不要針對美國農民和農產品；
4.要求中國不要就美國對來自中國的投資加以限制進行報復；
5.要求中國在7月1日前就外國投資發布負面清單。
6.要求中國將所有商品關稅降至不高於美國的水平；
7.要求與中國每個季度舉行會議以評估進展；
美貿易代表團稱，若中國未能遵守已達成一致的承諾，則將採取進一步關稅措施。
以下是中英對照，來自「動機資本」官方微博：
中文翻譯
平衡中美貿易關係
中美是世界前兩大經濟體以及全球經濟增長的主要推動力，雙方有著密切利益聯繫。
如今，中美貿易關係極度不平衡，美國在中國的投資受到嚴重限制，中國針對美國科技和知識產權的產業政策引起了美國關於經濟和國家安全方面的高度關注。
中美迫切需要通過以下方式減小貿易爭端：中國向美國開放且為美國投資者創造公平、無歧視的市場環境。中國需要承擔以下責任：
（a）降低美國向中國出口的關稅及非關稅壁壘；
（b）加強對科技轉換和知識產權的保護；
（c）公平對待中國國內的美國服務提供商；
（d）達成不針對美國農民和農產品的協議。
第一部分減少貿易爭端
采取措施達到以下目標：自2018 年6 月1 日起12 個月內減少中美貿易順差1000 億美元；自2019 年6 月1 日起12 個月內再減少1000 億美元中美貿易順差，使得到2020 年末，中美貿易順差至少減少2000 億美元。
中方承諾的自2018 年6 月1 日起的12 個月內自美新增進口1000 億美元中，至少75%是購買美國商品；中國承諾，自2019 年6 月1 日起12 個月內的另外1000 億美元，至少50%是購買美國商品。
第二部分保護美國科技和知識產權
（a）中國將立即停止提供扭曲市場的補貼和其他類型的政府支持，這些補貼可能有助於創造或維持中國製造2025 年工業計劃所針對行業的過剩產能。
（b）截至2019 年1 月1 日，中國將消除有關技術轉業的特定政策和做法。
（c）中國將采取直接、可核查的措施，確保中國侵入美國商業網路竊取美國公司持有的知識產權、商業機密和機密商業信息。
（d）中國將加強知識產權保護和執法力度
（e）截至2019 年1 月1 日，中國將取消對技術進出口管理條例的規定，以及美國提出的在中國舉行的WTO 磋商中確定的中外合資經營企業法實施條例的規定——Certain Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (DS542);
（d）2018 年7 月1 日前，中國將撤回WTO 磋商請求——Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China (DS543)，且在世貿組織關於解決爭端的規則和程式下，中國不會采取進一步的行動。
第三部分對敏感型科技投資的限制
關於美國限制中國對敏感技術部門或者對關乎美國國家安全的部門的投資，中國政府確認不會反對、挑戰或者以其它形式報復。
第四部分美國在中國的投資
中國不應通過投資限制來扭曲貿易，中國施加的任何投資限制或條件都必須是有限、透明的。美國在華投資者必須獲得公平、有效和非歧視性的市場準入和待遇，包括取消外國投資限制和外國所有權/持股要求。
為了推進這些原則，中國將在2018 年7 月1 日之前發布一個改善的全國範圍內的外國投資負面清單。在中國發布這一負面清單的90 天（90）天內，美國將確定現有的投資限制，在收到美國確定的限制名單後，中國將迅速取消所有已確定的投資限制。
第五部分貿易和非貿易壁壘
中國承諾：
（a）2020 年7 月1 日前中國將把非關鍵部門所有產品的關稅降至不高於美國相應水平。
（b）中國將取消特定的非關稅壁壘。
第六部分美國服務和服務供應商
為了實現對美國服務和服務供應商的公平待遇，中國承諾以特定的方式改善其市場準入。
第七部分美國農產品
為了實現對美國農產品的公平待遇，中國承諾以特定的方式改善對其市場的準入。
第八部分實施
中國和美國將每季度召開一次會議，審議在實現商定的目標和改革方面取得的進展。
如果美國認為中國未能遵守任何中國的承諾在這個框架,包括赤字目標，美國將有可能對中國產品征收額外關稅或其他進口限制，中國不會反對、挑戰或采取任何形式的行動反對美國根據本段附加的關稅或限制，包括根據DSU 采取的行動。
中國將撤回WTO 關於美國和歐盟將中國列為非市場經濟國家的申訴。
此外，在收到一份被禁止的產品的書面通知後15 天內，中國將提供每批貨物的詳細信息。如果中國未能做到這一點，或者信息顯示出轉運正在發生，美國將征收與可疑轉船量相當的關稅。
大陸網民的此文件的部分評論：
>美國談判條件曝光後，《環球時報》社論降溫：跟一開始的漫天要價已有很大差別。
英文版
DISCLAIMER: The U.S. delegation is providing the below draft framework solely to help facilitate candid and constructive exchanges between the two sides. The current text is not a proposed international agreement and remains subject to ongoing review. In the interest of time and out of respect for the seriousness of the issues that the two sides will discuss, this document is being provided in advance of the visit and while this review is ongoing. The U.S. delegation looks forward to discussing this draft and related issues later this week in Beijing.
BALANCING THE TRADE RELATIONSHIP
between
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE PEOPLE』S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
The Government of the United States of America (「United States」) and the Government of the People』s Republic of China (「China」) have strong overlapping interests as the world』s two largest economies and the major drivers of global growth. At present, the United States-China trade relationship is significantly imbalanced. United States investment and the sale of services into China remain severely constrained. China』s industrial policies now targeting U.S. technologies and intellectual property pose significant economic and security concerns to the United States.
There is an immediate need for the United States and China to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with China by ensuring that China』s market is open to United States traders and investors on a fair and non-discriminatory basis. China therefore undertakes to (a) eliminate improper tariff and non-tariff barriers to United States exports to China, (b) address China』s policies and practices related to technology transfer and intellectual property, (c) treat United States service providers in China on terms equal to those provided to Chinese service providers in the United States, and (d) record China』s agreement not to target United States farmers and agricultural products. To address these issues and restore balance in the United States–China trade relationship, there is an immediate need for the United States and China to agree on a set of concrete and verifiable actions.
SECTION 1
TRADE DEFICIT REDUCTION
China commits to work with Chinese importers to engage in trade transactions to achieve targets to which the Parties agree. These transactions are specifically designed to reduce the United States-China trade deficit by $100 billion in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2018, and an additional $100 billion in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019, such that the U.S. trade deficit with China will have decreased compared to 2018 by at least $200 billion by the end of 2020. China』s purchase of U.S. goods will represent at least 75% of China』s commitment to a $100 billion increase in purchases of U.S. exports for the twelve months beginning June 1, 2018, and at least 50% of China』s commitment to an additional $100 billion increase in purchases of U.S. exports in the twelve (12) months beginning June 1, 2019.
SECTION 2
PROTECTION OF AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
In order to address China』s policies, laws, regulations, practices and actions that are harming United States intellectual property rights, innovation and technology development, China commits as follows:
(a) China immediately will cease providing market-distorting subsidies and other types of government support that can contribute to the creation or maintenance of excess capacity in the industries targeted by the Made in China 2025 industrial plan;
(b) by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate specified policies and practices with respect to technology transfer;
(c) China will take immediate, verifiable steps to ensure the cessation of Chinese governmentconducted, Chinese government-sponsored, and Chinese government-tolerated cyber
intrusions into U.S. commercial networks and cyber-enabled theft targeting intellectual
property, trade secrets and confidential business information held by U.S. companies;
(d) China will strengthen specified intellectual property rights protection and enforcement;
(e) by January 1, 2019, China will eliminate the provisions of the Regulations on the
Administration of the Import and Export of Technologies and the Regulations on the
Implementation of the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures identified in the U.S.
request for WTO consultations in China – Certain Measures Concerning the Protection of
Intellectual Property Rights (DS542); and
(f) by July 1, 2018, China will withdraw its request for WTO consultations in United States –
Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China (DS543) and will take no further action
related to this matter under the WTO Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing
the Settlement of Disputes (「DSU」).
In addition, China will not take any retaliatory action, whether in the form of tariffs on imports of U.S. products or in any other form, including unwarranted sanitary and phytosanitary (「SPS」) measures, unwarranted technical barriers to trade (「TBT」) measures, antidumpting and countervailing duties, and discriminatory inspection, quarantine and testing practices directed at imports of U.S. agricultural products, in response to actions taken or to be taken by the United States, including any new U.S. restrictions on investments or imports. China immediately will cease all retaliatory actions currently being pursued. China agrees to immediately cease the targeting of American technology and intellectual property through cyber operations, economic espionage, counterfeiting, and piracy. China also agrees to abide by U.S. export control laws.
SECTION 3
RESTRICTIONS ON INVESTMENT IN SENSITIVE TECHNOLOGY
In light of China』s prevailing investment restrictions and state-directed investment in sensitive U.S. technology sectors, including industrial plans such as Made in China 2025, China confirms that it will not oppose, challenge, or otherwise retaliate against the United States』 imposition of restrictions on investments from China in sensitive U.S. technology sectors or sectors critical to U.S. national security.
SECTION 4
UNITED STATES INVESTMENT IN CHINA
China recognizes that China should not distort trade through investment restrictions, and that any investment restrictions or conditions imposed by China must be narrow and transparent. U.S. nvestors in China must be afforded fair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment, including removal of the application of foreign investment restrictions and foreign ownership/shareholding requirements. In furtherance of these principles, China will issue an improved nationwide negative list for foreign investment by July 1, 2018. Within ninety (90) days of the date on which China issues this negative list, the United States will identify existing investment restrictions that deny U.S. investors fair, effective and non-discriminatory market access and treatment. Following receipt of the U.S. list of identified restrictions, China is to act expeditiously to remove all identified investment restrictions on a timetable to be decided by the United States and China.
SECTION 5
TARIFF AND NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
China』s tariffs and non-tariff barriers are significantly higher than those of the United States for most tradable goods. China commits to address U.S. concerns relating to tariffs and non-tariff barriers as follows:
(a) by July 1, 2020, China will reduce its tariffs on all products in non-critical sectors to levels
that are no higher than the levels of the United States』 corresponding tariffs; and
(b) China will remove specified non-tariff barriers.
China also recognizes that the United States may impose import restrictions and tariffs on products in critical sectors, including sectors identified in the Made in China 2025 industrial plan.
SECTION 6
UNITED STATES SERVICES AND SERVICES SUPPLIERS
In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. services and services suppliers, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.
SECTION 7
UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
In order to achieve fair treatment with respect to U.S. agricultural products, China commits to improve access to its market in specified ways.
SECTION 8
IMPLEMENTATION
China and the United States will meet quarterly to review progress in meeting agreed targets and reforms. In the event that the United States considers that China fails to comply with any of China』s commitments in this Framework, including deficit targets, China acknowledges the likelihood that the United States will impose additional tariffs or other import restrictions on Chinese products, or on the supply of services or investment, to such extent as the United States deems appropriate. China also understands that it will not oppose, challenge or take any form of action against the United States』 imposition of additional tariffs or restrictions pursuant to this paragraph, including action pursuant to the DSU. China will withdraw its WTO complaints regarding designations of China as a non-market economy by the United States and European Union (United States – Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS515), European Union – Measures Related to Price Comparison Methodologies (DS516)) and will refrain from challenging the treatment of China as a non-market economy under the DSU in the future. Additionally, within 15 days of receiving written notice of a prohibited product that may have been transshipped through one or more countries, with or without modification, China will provide full details of every such shipment to the suspected destination or destinations. If China fails to do so, or the information reveals that transshipping is occuring, the United States will impose tariffs equal to the amount of suspected transshipments. China understands that if it fails to uphold any commitment under this Framework for Discussion, it is likely that the United States will impose tariffs on imports from China, and, where appropriate in the case of China』s commitments under subsection (c) of Section 2 or the last paragraph in Section 2, U.S. Customs and Border Protection will confiscate counterfeit and pirated goods or levy tariffs to compensate the United States for its lost technologies and intellectual property. China commits to not take any retaliatory action in response to the imposition of tariffs or confiscations by the United States pursuant to this Section.
